In line with established inhibition of freezing by endogenous oxytocin (Knobloch et al., 2012), blocking their receptor with the specific oxytocin receptor antagonist [1-D(CH2)5,Tyr(ME)2,Thr4,Tyr-NH2(9)]ornithine vasotocin in the HE rats (OTA) (Figures 6A, 6G, and S5) effectively decreased escape performance to imminent threat (Figure 6B) and increased freezing both to distant and imminent threat (Figures 6C and S5). This evidence concerns the gene OXT and hereditary elliptocytosis.