Note, although increased pDMN activity may feasibly confer certain cognitive benefits earlier in life but increase risk of AD-related pathology in later life (i.e., a form of “antagonistic pleiotropy”; O’Donoghue et al., 2018, Rusted et al., 2013, Tuminello and Han, 2011), we found no differences between APOE-ε4 carriers and noncarriers on performance measures for the scene odd-one-out task itself (Section 3.4). This evidence concerns the gene APOE and Alzheimer disease.