CCL2 and colitis: Additionally, the gene expression levels of the pro-inflammatory macrophage markers inducible nitric oxygen synthase (iNOS) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (Mcp1) were reduced upon intra-rectal injection of CST in a reactivated colitis mouse model, as well as in vitro in LPS stimulated peritoneal and colon macrophages (78, 121).