We found an increase in the levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-17, and IFNγ, and increased levels of the Type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5, in influenza-infected Stat2−/− mice when compared to WT mice (Figures 1G,H). Here, TNF is linked to influenza.