IFNA1 and pulmonary tuberculosis: Type 1 IFN (IFNα/β)-inducible gene expression signatures in peripheral blood cells have consistently been reported as a potential biomarker for active pulmonary TB compared with signatures in healthy controls or patients with other diseases.[13] Berry et al. first reported the association between active pulmonary TB and the expression of numerous type 1 IFN-inducible genes in peripheral blood cells in regions with both an intermediate TB burden (London, UK) and a high TB burden (South Africa)[13].