Other independent risk factors included age (HR: 1.046 [1.034–1.058] per year increment), COPD (HR: 1.82 [1.27–2.61]), insulin use (HR: 2.03 [1.43–2.89]), NSAIDs use (HR: 1.38 [1.03–1.86]) and steroid use (HR: 1.75 [1.47–2.07]). This evidence concerns the gene INS and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.