Expression of an array of cytokines (CSF3 [G-CSF], IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-22, IL-17A, and IL-10), chemokines (CCL20, CXCL2 and CXCL9) and receptors (CD40) known to be involved in the regulation of S. pneumoniae inflammatory response (26) was measured at 0, 6, 24, and 48 h post-infection. Here, IL6 is linked to infection.