Since prior reports that CD1d-independent NK1.1+CD8+ T cells producing high levels of IFNγ and TNFα are involved in diverse immune responses such as tumor immune surveillance, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, and viral infection (21, 22, 32, 33), we considered the possibility that such cells might be involved. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is viral infectious disease.