Overall, per SD (9.2 U/L) increase of GGT from early to mid-pregnancy was associated with 1.51% increase in fasting glucose (P = 0.002), 8.36% increase in insulin (P = 0.009), 7.43% increase in HOMA2-IR (P = 0.010), and 2.86% decrease in adiponectin (P = 0.035), after adjusting for aforementioned covariates and GDM status. Here, INS is linked to gestational diabetes.