In the context of neurodegenerative diseases, Bsibsi et al. (2002) have demonstrated that human microglial cell cultures from donors with AD, olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA), and Pick’s disease (PID) expressed increasing levels of TLR5 but differing between the donors. The gene discussed is TLR5; the disease is olivopontocerebellar atrophy.