The expression of TLR7 has been demonstrated in different neurodegenerative diseases (AD, PD, OPCA and PID) and in disease models including human microglial cell culture (Bsibsi et al., 2002) or murine microglial cells (Béraud et al., 2011; Béraud and Maguire-Zeiss, 2012). Here, TLR7 is linked to neurodegenerative disease.