Although the STZ-induced diabetic mice model is not an exact manifestation of T1DM in human, we are able to demonstrate that physical exercise poses a strong and beneficial effect on hippocampal neuroplasticity to counteract the high toxicity of STZ and the severity of this chemically induced diabetic model, and on the other hand, to illustrate the necessity of adiponectin in mediating the exercise-promoted hippocampal neurogenesis. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.