Considering different mechanisms of action, either by direct effects of Vildagliptin on the inhibition of DPP-4 enzyme, or by the antioxidant activity of Quercetin, we hypothesized that the combination of these two compounds are capable of to generate benefits in biochemical and histological parameters, promoting an improvement in metabolic homeostasis in type 1 diabetic rats. This evidence concerns the gene DPP4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.