The dysfunctional atypical memory B cell subset in malaria and HIV infections shows upregulated expression of inhibitory genes including FcRL5, FcRL3, FcGR2B, LILRB2 and Siglec617, all of which were upregulated in total B cell from our CHB patients; this possibly reflects an expansion of atypical B cell subset in CHB patients. Here, FCRL3 is linked to malaria.