Previously, anti-id neutralizing antibodies were generated against many animal diseases caused by, e.g., rabies virus, herpes simplex virus, poliovirus, etc., to modulate the immune responses (19, –, 22) and raised anti-anti-id antibodies (Ab3) that reacted only against the anti-id immunogen rather than against the original viral antigen to elicit an immune response. This evidence concerns the gene ID1 and glycogen storage disease VI.