TGFB1 and Sepsis: Hallmarks of immunosuppression during sepsis have been defined in recent studies (Hamers et al. 2015): Lymphocytes express altered cytokine expression profiles with reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhanced production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-10 and TGF-β), and receptor expression patterns favoring inhibitory receptors (Boomer et al. 2012; Gogos et al. 2000).