In the present studies, we took advantage of a recently developed ex vivo vascular culture method and an in vitro mouse brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC) model isolated from the EPAC1-null mouse [41] to reveal that the EPAC1 gene deletion protected vasculatures from infection with EBOV (see Supplemental Materials for GenBank accession number). This evidence concerns the gene RAPGEF3 and infection.