VEGFA and cancer: The findings of the studies are not unequivocal: some of them suggest a positive influence of regional anaesthesia techniques on immunological parameters (assessed differently in individual studies, e.g., VEGF, TGF-β, and IL-1β) and on the reduction of the risk of cancer progression, including prolonged overall survival time in patients in whom these techniques were used, whereas other studies fail to confirm these results [53, 55].