Given that HCC cell PLC/PRF/5 natively expressed GPC3 on the cell surface in contrast to SK-HEP-1/GPC3, the efficacy of PD-1-deficient GPC3-CAR T cells was evaluated in vivo in NSG mice bearing established PLC/PRF/5 subcutaneous xenograft tumors. Here, PDCD1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.