IFIH1 and asthma: The observed IFIH1 pleiotropic effects were further strengthened by the observation in the Genomics plc UK Biobank data that the independent low-frequency IFIH1 missense allele p.I923V (rs35667974-C, MAF = 1.8%), previously reported to result in IFIH1 LOF and to protect against T1D, vitiligo, psoriasis, and PsA, and to increase risk of UC, was also associated with increased risk of asthma (ORGplc/UK Biobank = 1.18, PGplc/UK Biobank = 1.1 × 10−4) (Fig. 3d).