PATJ and neoplasm: Among known human tumor suppressor genes, we, for instance, identified DCC, NF1, TSC2, FCLN, as well as genes known to be involved in suppression of tumor cell motility and invasion, such as Chordin, Stardust, TIMP2 and Mdyn-D7 (encoding a nucleoside diphosphate kinase related to nm23/Awd, a metastasis tumor suppressor in both flies and mammals) [3, 30–33], or genes involved in cell polarity (e.g. MDPZ/patj, MPP5/sdt, NCAM2/fas2) [34, 35].