Because high levels of ROS are known to induce cell death47, we next measured apoptosis by co-staining breast cancer cells with propidium iodide and annexin V. Whereas lapatinib treatment and TA knockdown individually slightly increased apoptosis rates in MDA-MB-361 and MDA-MB-453 cells, combination treatment significantly heightened cell death (Fig. 5h and Supplementary Fig. 7e), which likely reflects the elevated levels of cellular ROS (Fig. 5g and Supplementary Fig. 7d). This evidence concerns the gene ANXA5 and breast carcinoma.