In humans, SHIP2 activity was 39% higher in the kidneys of patients with T2D without clinical nephropathy and who received nonmetformin medication (insulin or sulfonylurea), whereas the SHIP2 activity in the kidneys of patients with T2D receiving metformin was similar to that in people without diabetes (Fig. 5A and Supplemental Table S1). This evidence concerns the gene INS and Nephropathy.