In this study, using the same data and definitions, we found that CAS3 was overrepresented by individuals who had >20% relative abundance of Streptococcus in their first infection-naive healthy NPA, within the first 7 weeks of life (44% versus 11% and 15% in CAS1 and CAS2, respectively; Fisher exact test, unadjusted p=0.042 and 0.065, respectively; Table 3). Here, EFS is linked to infection.