EFS and allergic disease: By applying npEM-based clustering and classification to CAS, we identified three distinct clusters from 217 individuals and 174 clustering features (Figure 1): low-risk CAS1 (N = 88, 25% wheeze at age 5), low-risk but allergy-susceptible CAS2 (N = 107, 21% wheeze at age 5) and high-risk CAS3 (N = 22, 76% wheeze at age 5).