FOXO3 and diabetes mellitus: Diabetes‐induced oxidative stress can trigger JNK activation, which is considered a critical factor in the pro‐apoptotic signalling pathway.5 Foxo3a, a key downstream molecule of JNK activation, can modulate various cellular processes, including cell survival, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.6 Other studies have reported that Foxo3a is also regulated by the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway.