We conducted a case-control study to evaluate whether the pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 and TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphisms influence the susceptibility to glioma in the Han Chinese population and we found that individuals with the CC genotype of pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 had a lower risk of glioma than the TT genotype. The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is glioma.