In addition, some well-designed nanoparticles with a good EPR effect can penetrate throughout large tumor tissues following systemic administration, possibly causing side effects.24 By conjugating nanoparticles with targeting ligands, such as small molecules, peptides, antibodies or aptamers, the nanoparticles can bind with cell-surface receptors and enter cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis, thus enhancing cellular uptake into cancer cells rather than increasing accumulation in the tumor.13,25–29. The gene discussed is CD177; the disease is neoplasm.