Murine models suggest that during sepsis the inducible antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 stimulates the expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor that binds to anti-oxidant response elements on gene promoters for transcription factors regulating mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and anti-inflammatory responses (63, 64). The gene discussed is HMOX1; the disease is Sepsis.