Therefore, we should precisely evaluate the predictive value of TSHR mutations for AFTNs and malignancies according to more detailed mutation information, e.g., type, allelic frequency, other co-existing mutation, etc. The NGS approach to TSHR mutations and NIS expression detection in thyroid FNB specimens with indeterminate cytology allows us for the first time to correlate details of these genetic alterations with functional status and outcome of the target thyroid nodules. The gene discussed is SLC5A5; the disease is thyroid nodule.