In addition, it has been shown that other copper modulating compounds also improve learning and memory in AD model mice (Malm et al., 2007; Adlard et al., 2011), while dietary treatment of AD model mice with copper (Bayer et al., 2003), and crossing AD model mice with ATP7b mutant mice (Phinney et al., 2003), which display elevated copper levels, both result in extended lifetime and reduced production of amyloid beta (Aβ). This evidence concerns the gene ATP7B and Alzheimer disease.