In NSCLC, a high level of PD-L1 expression has been associated with poor clinical outcomes,31–34 although these findings remain controversial.35,36 A recent meta-analysis suggested that PD-L1 expression was associated with a poor prognosis in Asian population.37 On the contrary, it is well documented that CD8+ TILs are positively correlated with a better prognosis in patients suffering from NSCLC.2,31,38 No study analyzed both CD8+ TILs and PD-L1 as prognostic factor. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.