INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: However, the daily demands of managing T1D are complex and difficult, including the requirement to undergo procedures such as frequent daily blood glucose monitoring, injecting (around 4 times daily) or inserting insulin pump infusion sets (at least every 2–3 days); regulating food intake and counting carbohydrate; calculating insulin doses; and recognising and taking action to prevent or treat hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia [6].