ATG5 and neoplasm: There was also a statistically-significant difference in therapeutic efficacy between the wild-type and knockout tumors for TNP-1 + NIR treatment, as measured by the tumor reduction ratio (26.72% for wild-type tumor and 80.92% for Atg5 knockout tumor, p < 0.001, Student’s t-test), which was defined by the formula (Tumor weight after PBS + NIR treatment − Tumor weight after TNP-1 + NIR treatment)/(Tumor weight after PBS + NIR treatment).