DKK1 and chronic kidney disease: Studies in the CKD-2 mouse model support this notion; indeed, CKD-2 mice have higher levels of DKK1 (another Wnt-signaling inhibitor) and sclerostin amounts compared with non-CKD controls, and DKK1 inhibition by a monoclonal antibody ameliorates vascular calcification and decreases sclerostin levels [29].