PTAFR and neoplasm: Studies, including ours, have shown that enzymatic (i.e., PAF) or non-enzymatically (e.g., ultraviolet B (UVB), cigarette smoke, jet fuel, and tumor promoters, such as PMA) generated PAF-R agonists mediate various pathophysiological effects, including enhanced growth of tumors in experimental models [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18].