KLK3 and Familial prostate cancer: Wheeler, Szymanski, Black, and Nelson (2011) provide some examples of impediments to shared decision-making for clinicians, such as a lack of time to educate patients about screening for prostate cancer, fear of malpractice litigation by failing to order the PSA test that could have helped detect cancer, and underestimating or overestimating the intellectual capacity of patients to participate in shared decision-making.