MT-RNR2 and age-related macular degeneration: Herein, we characterized the ability of SHLP2 to protect retinal cells in AMD, using the transmitochondrial ARPE-19 cybrid cells that contain identical nuclei (derived from mtDNA-deficient (Rho0) ARPE-19 cells) but differ in mtDNA, which is derived either from AMD patients (AMD cybrids) or normal subjects (normal cybrids).