Findings from these RNAseq and ChIPseq studies show that a number of SMAD3 downstream targets are validated or leading candidate causal genes in CAD associated loci, including CDKN2B, LMOD1, EDNRA, and SEMA5A. SMAD3 binds the loci for two of its upstream receptors, TGFβR1 and TGFβR2, but RNAseq data did not show their differential regulation in cultured HCASMC. This evidence concerns the gene SEMA5A and coronary artery disorder.