The UPRmt induced by skeletal muscle-specific OxPhos deficiency is also associated with enhanced lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation by the induction of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), thereby protecting against the adverse effects of high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice (Chung et al. 2017b). The gene discussed is GDF15; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.