As the Iba-1 recognize both human and mouse antigens, this phenomenon can be explained by the fact that a fixed number of human macrophages are injected into the striatum and that mice microglia might not be susceptible to activation as seen in human microglia.In this study, we also explored the possibility of an effect of a Sig1R agonist (namely PRE-084) administered prior to cocaine on HIV-1 infection and CATB levels in MDM. Here, AIF1 is linked to HIV-1 infection.