Furthermore, despite the overlap in genetic variants associated with spherical refractive error and astigmatism, it is noteworthy that the variants most strongly associated with each condition appear to be distinct (for example, the variants consistently found to be most strongly associated with spherical refractive error—namely, those at the GJD2 and LAMA2 loci—were not amongst the loci most strongly associated with corneal astigmatism and refractive astigmatism). Here, GJD2 is linked to Astigmatism.