HMGB1 and myocardial infarction: Similarly, mice injected with fr-HMGB1 in the ventricular tissue bordering the viable myocardium after MI exhibit improved Left Ventricular (LV) function due to neo-angiogenesis and a partial repopulation of the LV wall by newly formed cardiomyocytes derived from resident cardiac stem cells (CPCs; Fig. 4) [44, 53].