It has been demonstrated that an excessive host immune response against pathogens may play a pivotal role in refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) in school-aged children, including overexpression of cytokines, such as interleukin-1ß (IL-1 ß), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) [8–10]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.