ARHGEF16 and glioma: Tumor xenografts developed more slowly (Fig. 4i) in sh-ARHGEF16 group than in sh-Control group to generate smaller tumor xenografts (Fig. 4j, k), indicating retarded glioma progression by ARHGEF16 knockdown, and decreased ARHGEF16 protein level in sh-ARHGEF16 xenografts relative to that in the control group was confirmed via western blotting (Fig. 4l).