MTOR and cancer: Of note, the induction of autophagy alone using rapamycin or mTOR siRNA was not enough to induce ATP secretion or calreticulin exposure.258, 260 Indeed, activation of the proapoptotic effector caspase‐8 is known to be pivotal for calreticulin exposure during ICD.262 Taken together, autophagy modulates the release of ATP and the cell surface exposure of calreticulin and thus contributes to ICD of cancer cells.