IL4 and neoplasm: Recent studies have reported that some of the mechanisms that could use the bacterium to eliminate the tumor cells once it is in the tumor microenvironment involved enhance the expression of soluble mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interferon γ (IFN-γ) and also inhibit the expression of immunosuppressive factors such as arginase-1, interleukin-4 (IL-4), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [19] (Figure 2(a)).