H2AX and Miyoshi myopathy: As shown in Fig. 6, treatment with melphalan increased cell death and genomic instability in MM cells, whereas AP nuclease inhibitor, although increased melphalan-induced cell death (panel A), was able to reverse melphalan-induced DNA-damage (γ-H2AX) (panel B) and genomic instability (assessed by micronucleus assay) (panels C) in MM cells.