VMP1 and infection: To determine if OA is involved in innate immunity against pathogen infection, we exposed the following strains of adult animals to human-pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA14 and scored the nematode’s survival over time: wild-type N2, C. elegans lacking OCTR-1 [octr-1(ok371) null animals], TBH [tbh-1(n3247) null animals], TDC [tdc-1(n3419) null animals], or both OCTR-1 and TBH [octr-1(ok371);tbh-1(n3247)].