HIF1A and colitis: For example, HIF-1α T-cell-targeted knockout protected mice from autoimmune neuro-inflammation and was associated with a shift from TH17 to Treg response, possibly by increasing glycolysis [111–113], while the opposite was observed in irritable bowel disease where T-cell HIF-1α knockout increased TH1 and TH17 leading to severe colonic inflammation [114].