Moreover, after adjustment for diabetes risk factors (age, ethnicity, family history of diabetes, BMI at 1-year, duration of breastfeeding) and glucose intolerance at 1-year, the mean adjusted change in PAI-1 between 1- and 3-years remained significantly different between the 4 groups (P = 0.019) (data not shown). Here, SERPINE1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.