Finally, Wilczynski et al. (2008) established the functional role of MMP-9 in epilepsy, demonstrating that: (i) MMP-9 protein levels and enzymatic activity were strongly increased at the synapse upon seizures; (ii) sensitivity to pentylenetetrazol-based kindling was decreased in MMP-9 KO mice, but was increased in transgenic rats with neuronal overexpression of MMP-9; (iii) MMP-9 deficiency diminished kainate-evoked epileptiform changes in reviring of hippocampal network. The gene discussed is MMP9; the disease is epilepsy.